Early Parkinson s Disease ( Pd ) Through The...

1 Introduction 1.1 The research question This literature review has been undertaken as part of research into detecting early Parkinson’s Disease (PD) through the characteristics of finger movement during typing. It begins with a discussion of PD and its symptoms, and then provides an overview of the current and emerging diagnostic strategies for early detection of the disease, with particular emphasis on those involving human-computer interaction (HCI) and the relationship with keystroke biometrics. The scope of the review is to focus on the motor symptoms of PD, rather than the causes, pathogenesis or research into potential prevention or cure. It builds on a previous PD literature review by the author (Adams, 2015). 1.2 Overview of Parkinson’s Disease The most common neurodegenerative movement disorder today is Parkinson Disease (Barth et al., 2011), with a prevalence which increases with age – from just 0.01% of the population aged 40 – 44 years and increasing to 1% at age 65, then up to 22% by age 85 and over. The total number of people with PD is expected to continue grow in the coming decades because of the aging society and a range of environmental factors. PD is a progressive neurodegenerative movement disorder of unknown etiology that has no cure. The distinctive neurochemical characteristic of PD is dopamine loss in the nigrostriatal dopamine system (Adler, 2011). In the substantia nigra (SN) of people with PD there is a loss of neuronal cells, demonstrated byShow MoreRelatedParkinson Disease : A Progressive Disorder4669 Words   |  19 PagesOverview The most frequent neurodegenerative movement disorder today is Parkinson Disease (Barth et al., 2011), with a prevalence which increases with age – from 0.01% of people in the age group 40 to 44 years, increasing steadily to approximately 1% at age 65 and 22% at age 85 or over. Due to an aging society, increasing industrialization and environmental factors, the number of patients will grow rapidly in the forthcoming decades. Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a progressive disorder of unknown etiologyRead MoreThe Most Frequent Neurodegenerative Movement Disorder Today Is Parkinson Disease5166 Words   |  21 PagesOverview The most frequent neurodegenerative movement disorder today is Parkinson Disease (Barth et al., 2011), with a prevalence which increases with age – from 0.01% of people in the age group 40 to 44 years, increasing steadily to approximately 1% at age 65 and 22% at age 85 or over. Due to an aging society, increasing industrialization and environmental factors, the number of patients will grow rapidly in the forthcoming decades. Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a progressive disorder of unknown etiologyRead MoreParkinson s Disease : A Progressive Neurodegenerative Movement Disease Essay6696 Words   |  27 PagesThe research problem Parkinson’s Disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative movement disease affecting approximately 1% of people at age 60. It is the most second most commonly occurring neurodegenerative disease in the elderly (after Alzheimer’s Disease). In PD patients, loss of dopamine-producing neurons results in a range of motor and non-motor symptoms. The prevalence of PD increases with age, and currently there is no cure, no means of slowing the disease progression, and no means of prevention

The Asian And African Trade Systems - 1565 Words

In early history, cultures outside of Europe were seen as simple and primitive. The powerful Europeans were lucky to find new worlds, bring their cultures and values to the Natives who needed them for their own salvation. Africa was a poverty stricken backwards world that never accomplished anything significant. Native Americans were easily conquerable and primitive. These oversimplified and false statements hide the flourishing cultures in the Pacific s, Africa and Americas that existed before the Europeans started their conquests driven by the lust for power, resources, allies and wealth. The Asian and African trade systems were vital components for the European economy to thrive. The Pacific regions, African regions and Americas were†¦show more content†¦Tools and agriculture supported their growing societies, especially in areas where groups were recovering from the bubonic plague, which killed over 1/3 of Europe s population in the late 1300’s. With limited lan d and an ever growing population, Europeans began looking for new space and trade to bring wealth to their spiraling economy. Decades later, the Christian Europeans became engaged in the Crusades, a war based on faith and greed, with the Southwest Asian muslims. Although the Crusades were ultimately lost by the Europeans, they benefitted from them in the long run. Through the â€Å"discovery† of new lands, Europeans were encouraged to trade and as Europeans and Asians developed trade relationships, the Europeans grew increasingly dependent on the resources that the Asians were able to provide to the Europeans in wake of their own depleted resources. In 1453, the Ottoman Turks captured Constantinople, which was a popular route to European trader and a hotspot for Merchants who were eager to trade. The Turks, who gained control of the silk road routes shortly after the taking of Constantinople, heavily taxed the trade routes thus diminishing European trade in the area and to A sia. Wanting to avoid the high taxes imposed by the Ottoman Turks, the christian Europeans began searching for alternate routes to the pacific regions. The Portuguese, Aragon and Castile, irritated by their recent loss against the Muslim moors during the reconquista,

Critique on the Criminal Justice System and Social Media

1. Interesting Points: a. An interesting point I found was the contribution of the criminal justice system to an ideology. The ideology is explained as the set of beliefs that formulate and justify the existing state of affairs and its unfairness. The message being conveyed by the criminal justice system is that the result of criminality is from a single persons weakness versus the inequities of the social class (177, 2). I find this interesting that the failures of the individual is being the pinpoint of criminality and that social inequity is being preserved in the doing so. b. The ones who suffer from the injustice of the criminal justice system and the failure of the reduction of street crime are the poor. The poor are not in a†¦show more content†¦The hostility towards the poor will not decrease and the circle of injustice will be never ending. b. Criminals are more likely to come from the lower class and that crime is labeled as crime of the poverty is another detail found in the ideological message (183, 3). This is problematic in that it promotes the poor being criminals and that there crime is due to the fact that they are poor. Because of one people are poor they must do what they can to survive, even if that means committing a crime. When they commit a crime, they are proving the society right about crime being of the poor. According to Reiman, crime is poverty and poor people committing a crime justifies that statement (183, 4). c. The last point I find problematic is the lack of evidence that Americans have sympathy towards the poor. There is lack of true knowledge of crime and many Americans do not believe that poverty is a main source of crime (191, 2). They do however believe that the poor are more criminal than the rich (192, 5). The problem with this is that Americans are living a lie and believing a non-truth of crime. They don’t care and have little sympathy for the poor, but the poor have so much sympathy for others who are caught up in poverty. 3. Specific Questions: a. People have a tendency to view the world in their own way, making their role in society seem morally equitable. Those inShow MoreRelatedTheory Of Peacemaking Criminology1732 Words   |  7 Pages As this segment progress, the readers will become acquainted with the historical background of peacemaking, proponents of the theory, and explanations as to what is peacemaking, expanding on restorative justice, a form of peacemaking criminology and finally conclude this section with critiques and discussion on peacemaking criminology as discussed during the class presentation. Peacemaking criminology grew out of the conflict and radical theories of the 1960s and 1970s and is grounded in the wayRead MoreQuavyon Green . Professor Irwin . English 1113 . 2/19/2017 .987 Words   |  4 Pagesthe social and systematic influence of racial stereotypes and  policies that support  incarceration of minorities. She  explains that minorities  are  discriminated against legally for thei r whole   lives. By  being denied employment, housing, education, and  public benefits. Unable to overcome said obstacles most will eventually return to prison get out  again and return  caught in a never ending loop. Her theory   is that the criminal justice system and particularly the war on drugs is a legal system of discriminationRead MoreSociological Analysis of the Media Essay1674 Words   |  7 PagesSociological Analysis of the Media In our society today, control is maintained by the authorities through regulation. In North America, major regulatory systems comprise two main systems of expertise. One is the criminal justice system, which is concerned with what will we do about crime and deviance. The other is the academic system of expertise, which is concerned with why crime and deviance exists. Academic expertise is the type of discourse deployed in the article byRead MoreMass Communication Theory Of George Gerbners Cultivation Theory731 Words   |  3 PagesGeorge Gerbner’s *cultivation theory* a macro-level system theory that examines mass communication by studying institutions, message systems, and cultivation analysis (1967; 1970; Gerbner Gross, 1973; Gerbner et al., 1980; Potter, 2014). Theorized during the â€Å"Age of Television† (Shanahan Morgan, 2004), the theory has been applied to newspapers and other media formats, assuming that media institutions â€Å"cultivate facts, norms a nd values of society† (Gerbner, 1970; Gerbner Gross, 1976). SpecificallyRead MorePrison Reflection Paper974 Words   |  4 Pagesfrom prisons such as jobs, housing, voting, and more. The article also describes the effect of stigma and punitive punishment on the life of offender after re-entering back into society. Reintegration is the most difficult issue for the correctional system due to the safety of the community and increases chances of recidivism. Reintegration is the process where an offender is prepared to return safely to the society as a law-abiding citizen after serving their prison time. A life of imprisonment isRead MoreCrime and Deviance - Left and Right Realism1698 Words   |  7 Pagesstrikes and out and do the crime, do the time. Those that believe in this approach oppose against rehabilitation and treatment of offenders and that they should be incarcerated, this would also act as a deterrent to potential offenders thus giving social control. Charles Murray (1990) had developed a theory called the ‘underclass’, this theory categorises those living in poverty and defines them as non-working, inadequate and dangerous to society. Such writings have been an influence on the rightRead MoreMethods Of Neutralization Are Excuses And Justifications That Account For Criminal Behavior1131 Words   |  5 Pages The techniques of neutralization are excuses and justifications that account for criminal behavior. The following are five techniques of neutralization: denial of responsibility, denial of injury, denial of the victim, condemnation of the condemners, and appealing to higher authorities. According to 1) denial of responsibility, the individual tells they did it and that it is wrong but they deny being responsible. For example, well it was not my fault because I came from a bad home. Secondly, 2)Read MoreThe Criminal Code Of Canada1431 Words   |  6 Pagesaccount of Mental Disorder (NCRMD) is a legal defence by excuse mostly used in countries such as Australia and Canada. It is well stipulated in criminal laws of such countries where a defendant may argue that they should not be held criminally responsible for breaking the law on the grounds that they are were mentally ill at the time when they committed the criminal offence  (Penney, 2013). The issue of NCRMD may only arise on the following occasions (1) the accused committed the act or omission that formedRead MoreThe Adversarial Nature Of The Australian Court System Essay2083 Words   |  9 PagesThe adversarial nature of the Australian court system is fundamentally implemented to ensure a fair and impartial trial for members of the public, yet this is not always the case. Access to justice, and the courts themselves, are often perceived quite variably depending on an individual’s experience with such institutions. In particular, it is often the disadvantaged in our society, such as those from low socio-economic backgrounds, youth and Indigenous Australians, who are the most neglected andRead MoreCrime Prevention and Volatile Social Issues Essay3051 Words   |  13 PagesIntroduction Crime prevention embodies a range of volatile social issues. These issues encompass public safety, mass media response, and political strategies which induce intense public debate and criticism, especially during an age in which the world is engaged in a â€Å"war on crime†. Given the role of policy makers in crime prevention, effective strategies are hinged on a consideration of all these issues rather than singular measures focused on isolated strategies. This facet of policy implantation

Behavior Of The Children And It Leaves Me Disgusted

As I walk around public places such as schools, restaurants, malls, grocery stores, etc., I spectate the behavior of the children and it leaves me disgusted. Little boys and girls running around grocery stores screaming and knocking things over, kids rolling on the ground in tantrums because their mother said no to buying the toy they want while shopping for groceries, teenagers at the mall disrespecting others, cutting in line, cursing, you name it. What I absolutely abhor the most has to be the disrespect these children have, especially towards adults and/or their parents. The problem with kids these days don’t lie within the kids themselves: it is the parents and their methods of raising that is the problem. The issue with the young†¦show more content†¦That is how children operate and act. From what I have seen, parents try to ignore or appease their children to temporarily halt this behavior. When a child is acting in this sort of way, parents shouldn’t as k them to stop or appease them; they should yank that kid over and give him or her some bruises. â€Å"Once you begin hitting the child who is pushing your buttons, you will experience enormous relief. And that pleasant relief can drive you to hit even more, even harder,† says Denise Cummins, a PHD, psychiatrist, author, and parent. By hitting children, you aren’t just disciplining them, you are also allowing yourself to take out all of your negative emotions such as anger. It is truly a win-win situation: you discipline your child and feel better afterwards. Even a certified PHS and psychologist would admit that. As someone who writes books about parenting and has a PHD, Dr. Cummins clearly knows what she is talking about when she discusses the emotional benefits of hitting your children. Adrian Peterson, an NFL player, spurred a storm of controversy when he disciplined his four year old son with a switch. Reports in the news stated that â€Å"the beating was so seve re that it left welts on the child’s body.† This is a biased statement to turn parents away from physical discipline. Welts and bruises are common when giving beatings. That is what makes this form of discipline so effective. Joyce Maynard stated that out of all of the parents she interviewedShow MoreRelatedAunt Mary, An Analysis of the Joseph Imperiale Short Story Essay728 Words   |  3 Pagescharacters. In Aunt Mary written by Joseph Imperiale, we might identify three arguments here. The first argument is that children can only grow as far as their boundaries will allow them. This is supported when Joshua nearly electrocutes himself by sticking a knife into a plugged-in toaster in order to get his muffin out. At that time, Mary says: If you need help, get me or Nonna (Imeriale357). Obviously, Joshua is limited in his knowledge of physics. In this case, he should be told aboutRead MoreSex Crime Essay1176 Words   |  5 Pagesabnormal sexual deviancy. We are provided with current concrete legal definitions of normal, acceptable standards of sexual behavior. These standards are judged and justified most importantly in the subjective standard. This standard legitimizes behavior at a personal level. Here is where each of us as humans will rationalize, justify and legitimize the elements of sexual behavior. This is where the cost-benefit analysis of Criminal Justice finds it roots. If we were in fact able to differentiate betweenRead MorePlato Essay1058 Words   |  5 Pages Aristocles was born into a great political family (Friedlander 14). His father being the descendant of Codrus, the last king of Athens, and his mother was descendant from the great Athenian law maker Solon (Friedlander 15). Like most adolescent children his ambitions were far from anything his parents had ever done. Aristocles wanted to be a wrestler. Aristocles attained the name â€Å"Plato† from his wrestling experiences (Havelock 4). Twice he carried the wrestling prize at the Isthmian games but seeminglyRead Moreâ€Å"Most Cases Of Domestic Violence Are Never Reported To1088 Words   |  5 Pagesabuse is like finding a needle in a haystack, there are many types of abuse, however, children, adolescents and adults require different treatment depending on the type of abuse. Types of Abuse â€Å"Abuse is a pattern of behavior used to gain and maintain power and control, and it can come in many forms (â€Å"Is This Abuse†).†Abuse can come in many different forms but can cause the same or even worst pain. â€Å"As this behavior progresses the situation will worsen, and the abuser may assume all control of financesRead MoreParents; My Mom and Dad1505 Words   |  7 PagesNeither one of these statements are true. Children see things parents would like to think are hidden. They also realize things that are going on adults think they are not able to understand. It is possible not to become a product of your environment; being your own person. My parents are as opposite as they come, but they have the most important things in common. My dad has made major improvements in himself since I was born. It is almost like watching me grow made him grow, too. Because of my dadsRead MoreHuman Development Theory In Frankenstein1737 Words   |  7 Pagesoutside world as threatening. This is displayed within Frankenstein, the â€Å"monster† begins this stage as soon as Victor creates him. What led to his mistrust persona, was Victor actions, the absence of the creator for several months. That Victor was so disgusted by the monster features, this influence the â€Å"monster† to act evil towards his creator. Robert quoted Victor about the abandonment,   Ã¢â‚¬Å"I escaped, and rushed down stairs. 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Structural Racism and Myocardial Infarction †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Structural Racism and Myocardial Infarction. Answer: Introduction: This essay discusses the impact of the diversity in social work and how the social work practitioners face these issues of racism and ethnicity while performing their jobs. Diversity has become a key feature of the society irrespective of developed or underdeveloped countries. Social workers now a days are finding numerous issues while working with their clients. This is because in their operations they come across various people with different backgrounds as well as culture. For effectively working with these groups or communities, the social workers need to have proper understanding of the significance of diverse ethnicity and cultural factors (Cnx.org 2018). This is due to the fact that these racial and ethnic issues have greater influence on the perceptions, behaviour and response to interventions. Appropriate knowledge about these factors is prerequisite for understanding hence critical for the meaningful practices. However, knowledge and understanding are the sole fact to estab lish social work relationships. The knowledge of ethnicity and racism must be supported by the sensitivity of the practitioner towards different culture and background. There should be a wide conceptual model appropriate for working with diverse ethnic culture as well as tradition of client. In accordance with discussing specific groups, the practitioners should properly apply racism universally (Piquero et al.2015). The social work practitioners work with families, individuals, groups and communities for serving with legal policies, healthcare and other facilities. Through proper description of the requirements and description of particulate ethnic traits, enable the practitioners to see the problems from their own perspectives as well as of others. Thus, this help on creating greater and better awareness of the diversity in the society, their problems, helping process and scopes for betterment. This essay discusses various theories and models associated with the concept of racism and ethnicity present in the society and how these create issues for reaching as well as serving the people by the social work practitioners. The essay discusses how these practitioners face issues of racism while communicating or aiding the individuals, groups, families and communities. It analyses the cultural and ethnic issues emerging in the social services, health care sectors and social welfare policies. The issues of race and ethnicity can be examined through three chief sociological theories functionalism, Marxist perspectives, symbolic interactionism and critical theory. These theories are capable to explain the issues of racism, prejudice, discrimination as well as stereotypes. In this view, racial and ethnic dissimilarities must have served an important function for existing as long as they have. However, this ideology is problematic as most of the scholar find racism and ethnic diversity to be the root cause of discrimination which cannot contribute positively to the welfare of the society (Piquero et al.2015). Many sociologists, adhere with this view as they find functions and dysfunctions originated by the racial inequality. The argue that racism and discrimination have positive impacts but these only provide benefit to the dominant community. Historically, this helped the dominant groups to function and maintain gap between the high and low class by supporting and entertaining discrimination against the subordinate groups (Cnx.org 2018). For instance, slavery is always beneficial for the slave holders. Through this theory one can consider the method used by the slaveholders to justify slavery. They used to suggest that the black people were basically i nferior to whites hence preferred slavery to freedom. The supporters of functionalism, justify the discrimination and racism as these can contribute positively to proper functioning of the society. These concepts strengthen bonds among the in-group members by ostracising the out group people (Alexandra et al. 2013). Thus the community can increase individuality though reducing the permit for access of the outsiders. On the contrary, the dysfunction connected with maintain racial barrier includes failure to utilise the talents possessed by the subjugated community. Without taking advantage of the talents, the society spend time, effort and resources to maintain separation and inequality between the privileged and unprivileged class (Mathews 2017). Marxist perspectives: According to the revolutionary theory of Marxism, there is a complicated connection between the capitalism and racism. Capitalism largely depends on the concept of racism because both are the source of profiteering and basically used for the creating division to rule. Racism is seen to be a force for driving a wedge between the workers who have everything in common, every cause to ally and unite together (Murji and Solomos 2015). In such case, these workers can be perpetually divided through this racism aspect ad serve the advantage of the ruling class. For the Marxists, diversity consciousness in items of racism, can be potential to create division among a multi-ethnic, multi-racial yet a unified working class. The concept of new racism was proposed by the neo-Marxists who focussed on the cultural differences to be the reason of racism rather than the biological origin. The concept of racism initially developed to give justification and explanation of the practice of enslavement of the Africans. It is due to fact that they were accepted as less than human hence deprived to freedom or liberty and any kind of rights (Alexandra et al. 2013). As the theory of Marxism reveals, the entire concept and operation of capitalism is based on exploitation of the many by the few. Capitalism is a system which sustains depending on gross inequality. Hence the exploiters need various tools to create and maintain this division among the working class majority. Among these tools, racism serves the best for carrying on oppression. It also follows the Weberian theory where class, power and status serve to be main factors for maintaining the class difference. It is used to justify as well as explain the unequal distribution of health in the society where the minorities get enriched with the labour of the majority working class people (Murji and Solomos 2015). However, the extensive utilisation of racism did not only create path for exploitation of the slaves, it was expanded among the English and Irish factory workers in terms of anti-immigrant ideas. Symbolic interactionism: This particular theory is one of the most celebrated contributions to the sociological perspective of racism. For the symbolic interactionists, ethnicity and race provide intrepid symbols as the sources of identity. According to the interactionists, all the symbols of race in the interactions of people lead to racism (Stolcke 2013). As proposed by the most popular interactionist Herbert Blumer, the concept of racism initiates as well as gets popularity through the interactions among the group members of the dominant group without which others would not hold racist views (Liu and Pompper 2012). These interactions do not contain any positive interaction about the subordinate group members but contribute to a different abstract picture of that subordinate group. It allows other dominant sections to continue to support this reduced views about the subordinates thus maintain a status quo. The acceptability of internationalism is so fast and deep that an individual can easily hold a concep t about one particular group through the interactions in popular media. This belief is based on the images conveyed by the interaction and he or she unquestionably believe that shared idea about that particular group to be true because the individual has never personally met or interacted with any member of that group (Robinson-Wood 2016). The concept of racism can also be defined as a useful tool for realising how the idea of race can shape the social interaction (Lipman 2015). Symbolic internationalism defining racism is a perspective through which people define one particular race and ethnicity. However, in most of the cases, these interactions bear negative connotation about one particular group which the society wants to dominate. The problem in symbolic internationalism lies in the fact that people lose the capacity of self-scripting outside the conditions decided by the dominant community. Hence, the capacity to script other variations of perception about self, loss their way and get confined within the territory set by the higher social order (Robinson-Wood 2016). This is the reason the identity of self gets polarised by the social interactions and the difference grows with time. This theory was emerged from the concept of inequality and the struggle followed by it. It emerged in the post-modern period. This theory is applied in the inequalities resulting from identity difference from the perspective gender, education, social class, ethnicity, complexion, origin and race. As originated from the cultural and racial differences, the struggle paved path for the constant conflict between the white ruling class and the black racial minorities (Spencer 2014). The chief reason of such conflict was that the ruling class constantly perceived threat from the minorities and tried to supress them at any cost. In the late 19th century, the civil war resulted in the rising of the blacks social and political power which was later curbed by differ types of laws by the whites. The famous feminist sociologist Patricia Collins developed another aspect of this critical theory which is called intersection theory (Sturgeon 2016). In the process of understanding race or ethnicity, the advantage and disadvantage are to be discussed but before judging its impact on the society it is vital to acknowledge the way people understand the race is designed. In this theory Collins had stated that one cannot separate the impact of race, gender, class, sexual orientation, education, culture and other attributes which are the factors to share the concept of race (Bolin and Kurtz 2018). These multiple layers of disadvantages intersect with one another, to create the way for understanding the concept of race. Despite the fact that the distinguished identity of different race and ethnicity which ultimately resulted in struggle, some critics follow the positive side to this struggle. To them it is a constructive process that helps the community to perform better and develop. Critical thinking of binary opposites exemplifies the relation between two related terms which are opposite in their own connotations. Through this system, two opposing factors can be directly defined. In the perspective of racism, this term is vital for understanding the gap between opposing factors (Downing 2015). This gap is the distinguishing factor that helps the community to identify themselves in one particular symbol or word. The racism inherits its negative connotation from this identification where the whites differentiate them from blacks the majority from minority. Totalising concepts are one of the major outcome of post structuralism, postmodernist thoughts, deconstructionism and post colonialism (Kok et al. 2017). In any society, the presence of manifold of power aims to create and maintain the distance between the majority and minority. This idea of marinating power distance leads to the subjugation of the subordinates and creates a totalising effect (Kaya 2017). Due t o this reason, diversity of small cultures become submerged or engulfed by the domination powerful factor thus lose distinction. This constant intention to emphasis sameness and equality are the primary factor of creating causes of conflict or struggle between classes. Essentialist linguistic categorisation focuses on the language to be the most potential to create the negativity of racism (Ladson-Billings and Tate 2016). The language creates an essentialist stance and becomes the most import factor for any cultural group. Racial fluidity allows people to mix with other races where the intercultural marriages take place. It guarantees the peaceful coexistence of numerous races in one society (Downing 2015). Cultural pluralism also supports this view where the smaller ethnic groups reside in a large society but maintain their cultural identities and values. The concept of domination is organised into a coherent and unitary strategic form so that the minorities can be challenged sharply and find no way to flourish. Race and ethnicity in Irish context: The anti-Irish sentiment refers to the racism, oppression, persecution, discrimination, bigotry and hatred to the Irish people as a nation or a particular ethnic group. It can be directed against the nationalism of Ireland as well as against the Irish emigrants. The concept of anti-Irish sentiment aims to demonstrate the racist behaviours against the Irish descendants in the Irish diaspora (Bressey and Dwyer 2012). These derogatory attitudes of racism and ethnicity towards the Irish people was deeply rooted in the medieval period and shows evidence after the Irish immigration to the UK, south Africa, North America and Australia along with New Zealand. Irish racism in the Victorian Britain included stereotyping of Irish emigrants to be violent and alcoholic. They were accused with cronyism which subjected them to the misinterpretation of their religious belief. After the great famine, anti-Irish prejudice became more intense. The great number of Irish immigrants who came across the Irish sea and settled down in the poorer districts of the Great Britain, became the victims of physical violation. This became common practice when the Irish people were barred from public house and jobs with all other employment opportunity only because they had Irish accent or name (Bressey and Dwyer 2012). In recent times, the situation has changed there have been different laws to reduce the cases of exposure in terms of anti-Irish sentiment. The renown British people have been entertaining anti-Irish prejudice even in live television programs as they are getting support from British nationalistgroups. The anti-Irish marches have been used as an excuse to attack and intimidate the Irish immigrants. Under this circumstances, providing all-inclusive care to these long deprived people have become really difficult for the social care practitioners (Rampton 2017). The communities, families and individuals have a deep rooted experience of extensive abuses hence the evolution of social policies and discursive practices become valueless to them for which the social practitioners were working hard to reach them. The issues of racism and ethnicity are the greatest barrier for the practitioners to serve them. Ethnicity and Social Work Practice with Individuals: A major aim of the social work practice around the globe are more or less same that is to serve the families and groups suffering from some kind of deprivation in the social structure. It is the effort to enhance the social functioning along with all-encompassing well-being (Kok et al. 2017). On the part of the social workers, voluntarily or involuntarily get affected by the diversity of culture as well as social norms. The ethnic values are capable to pervade the whole process of their works starting from the decision making process for asking help to the issues of confidentiality for assistance. There again the issues of determining the definition of client evolve which create dilemma in the minds of the social workers. In this aspect of social care services, there remains the cultural gap between the service giver and seeker (Leslie 2017). This aspects of cultural and ethnic gap are also a determinant of the efficiency of the social care practitioners. The effectiveness of the non-ethnic social worker dealing with the problems of the ethnic individuals basically depends upon their capabilities to understand the issues with community then offer services which are responsive as well as responsible to their culture (Lukachko, Hatzenbuehler and Keyes 2014). In such cases, the social care practitioners take the assistance of the translators introduces the third person which often affect the relationship between the assistance giver and the seeker. This can also affect the responses of the assistance seekers as they cannot open up before everybody. It is the factor of trust which has proved to be one of the most critical factor for the relationship between the helper and client can be developed only when the helper sees and feels the issues of the client through clear ethnic lens (Betancourt et al. 2016). It is however essential for proper understanding of the expectation from the side of the client which will ultimately help to overcome the racial and ethnic barrier that create impedance in the helping process. Social care practice has been proved to be one of the most important profession to have capacity to impact change. The social care practitioners are responsible to provide service to the low-income people and fight for social justice but they are having problem to discuss the issues of race and class as these are the most sensitive issue in any society (Banks, Surez-Orozco and Ben-Peretz 2016). In dealing with the young generation of Irish victims in the UK and other places, the social care practitioners come across the issue of considerable resilience. In deflecting the effect of racism, the majority of people are expressing eagerness for finding ways to contest the endemic societal nature as well as tolerance of racism (Chae et al. 2014). Ethnicity and Social Work with Groups: People are born in groups, developed in them and most importantly contribute in the group identity. In this aspect individuality is considered to be a part of large group. This group is a category of people who identify each other based on the similarities like common ancestry, nation or cultural heritage (Downes, Rock and McLaughlin 2016). Hence a problem with any group member directly contacts the community and affect the distinguished identity. This group experiences are categorised through the ethnic lens which is generally constructed by distinguished ethnic identity. This however, includes the shared meanings, symbols, vocabulary and constructs (Lukachko, Hatzenbuehler and Keyes 2014). This is the reason why the ethnicity of the social care practitioner is important in serving the client group. This aspect of ethnicity of the service provider is necessary as this may affect on the positive and negative responses of the group in one hand and the appropriate evaluation of problem s of the service seeking community. Both positive and negative impact depend upon the similarity as well as differences between the gibers and seekers. As mentioned before, in the ethnic groups there are factors like group solidarity as well as individual attainments are appreciated differently within the ethnic groups and if any of the group members violate historic norms, is perceived to be great shame of the group members (Cox and Ephross 2009). Moreover, some of the major ethnic groups in the word have their own set of values regarding self-expression and own style of democratic ruling. This is where the social care practitioners feel limitation of knowledge hence cannot serve comprehensively. In the case of social discrimination and racism on the Irish community in various other states where they are minority group, the social care practitioners keep wide field of vision which allow them to understand the issues regarding the violation and discrimination along with deprivation of social wealth that affect the whol e community. Ethnicity and Families: families all over the world transmit their culture as they teach to socialise their members how to behave feel and speak. Through these, families transmit their own ethnicity to their next generations as they share their histories and unique identities. The traditional families have their own set of ideology which they transmit so that their children do not face discrimination and carry on their heritage (Lukachko, Hatzenbuehler and Keyes 2014). This is the reason why the traditional families have stricter norms regarding socialisation. The patters they follow to behave with regards to their sex roles, patriarchal power and familial division of labour. With the change of time and technology, many traditional families have started to adapt themselves with the changing society to survive in such cases, their traditionalism have been compromised. In many cases, the social care practitioners find it difficult to deal with the elder members of a traditional family because there is a huge generation gap between them and their next generation. The reason of struggle is different for these two parties hence fail to connect with each other. Moreover, these traditional families record the highest issues of crime as well as committing suicide. In addition to this, news of drug addiction is very much pervasive in the communities. Therefore, the practitioners try to find commonality in dealing with the families so that they can perceive their problems through the similar perspectives. In some cases, the social care practitioners face problems regarding the mobility of the families which become necessary for one of their family members but convincing them is a hard job (Lipman 2015). The problems originated from the family conflict is also a vital matter where the family members do not allow the social care practitioners to enter and as sist them. The traditional families are deprived of the social supports provided by the local and national governments but while guiding these traditional families, victim of racism, the social care practitioners find difficulties in implementing the social care facilities (Betancourt et al. 2016). Due to different ideologues and values, the cultural gap remains predominant in dealing with traditional families. Ethnicity and migration: The issue of migration is one common cause for discrimination in the society. The migration from Ireland to Britain due to famine and unemployment, is the second most common form of discrimination (Mathews 2017). The migrant workers have been deprived of accessing the national or state employment because of the issues of racism. As the data has revealed the Irish workers face three times more discrimination in terms of employment and the black workers experience seven times of discrimination. More than 32% of permit holders reported the cases of harassment as well as insults in the workplaces (Bakan, and Dua 2014). Despite the fact that the national governments have different types of employee laws to maintain order in the public as well as private companies, these migrant workers seem to be vulnerable to the issues of racism in their workplaces which often result to abuse, punishment and wage deduction. According to the social care practitioners, these migrant workers are exploited hence cannot assert their employment rights. Moreover, the working permits binds these workers in such a way that they cannot move out of the employers hence exacerbates the range of vulnerability. The social care petitioners face problem while dealing with these migrant workers in different ways. First of all, convincing them to avail social care is quite difficult. First of all, the workers are treated as asylum seekers hence treated less favourably in the workplaces. This is one of the chief reason of increasing case of depression and suicide attempts. The care practitioners apply the method of counselling so that these migrant workers can avail the laws to secure their interests. The workers form another country work under extreme exploitation and often forced labour. Their workplace is unwelcoming which is sharply divided on ethnic lines adding fuels to racial tension. The women working under racial issues, experience of sexual harassment, unequal pay and pregnancy-related discrimination which create problematic situation for the social care practitioners to help through various anti-racism regulations (Bolin and Kurtz 2018). Accessing the public services is impossible for the traditional communities. The social care practitioners point out the difficulties faced by the efficient employees while competing with the common competitors (Spencer 2014). In addition to this, unequal treatment in accessing the public services has direct connection with experience as well as social status of any ethnic group or individual. Despite the fact that the most frontline service providers aim to provide or deliver public services without any discrimination or prejudice, the social care practitioners face problems to claim them for assisting the deprived communities (Alexandra et al. 2013). Due to the absence of the deprived class in the policy making procedure in terms of racism, the constantly shaping policies are devoid of any supportive policies without prejudice. The social workers hence face difficulties to communicate and guide the migrant workers to empower themselves instead of pushed further into poverty (Arato 2016). Ethnicity and Health: As mentioned before the moral, ethnic and traditional boundaries of the diverse communities determine that the ethnic communities are always rigid in the cases of health care issues. They have own set of values and religious beliefs that do not allow them to avail all kinds of health care facilities provided by the government (Banks, Surez-Orozco and Ben-Peretz 2016). Health as well as health care are one of the most complicated issues that the social care practitioners face while serving the people of different race and ethnic. These health care issues are further complicated by the ethic norms of that can deeply influence the behaviours, health status, attitudes and proper service utilization. The cultural values of different traditional communities can be influential in perceiving the issues of illness and their symptoms. It directly affects the decision making procedure and the responses of tackling with the illness and symptoms along with the choice of treatments (Gabbidon 2015) . This is the reason why the proper understanding of the cultural definitions of ailment and the factors associated with the usage of medical care are the prerequisite for scheming operative, efficient and responsive health care system by the government of the countries. The issues regarding the health of the women are to be discussed in the health care systems because in most cases the family structure and traditional views of neglect the issues of women health (Atun et al. 2015). The high mortality rate during pregnancy and afterwards have disclosed the impact of careless views and beliefs in most of the traditional families. Moreover, as the data reveals that as the traditional families are chiefly migrants or unemployed, they do not have proper access to national health care system. One of the most problematic situation that the practitioners face is the inaccessibility to the information of illness where traditional attitudes influence the perception of symptoms and treatment (Aki nboro et al. 2016). Therefore, it can be concluded that the issues of race and ethnicity are chief causes of discrimination around the world. The value system, beliefs, culture and identities play vital role in identification of different communities in different places. There are different reasons why these traditional groups have been originated and remain secluded from the common people of a nation. Some of these communities enjoy more privileges than the other but in some places they are abused and become victim of discrimination and exploitation. This essay has discussed four theories such as functionalism, Marxist and neo-Marxist theory and critical theory in order to understand the reasons of deprivation of people on the basis of race and ethnicity. There are various issues that the social care practitioners face while serving these ethnic communities among which the collection of information becomes one of the most vital barrier. Due to difference of culture as well as language there are problem s of communication which prevent the carers to reach the communities more efficiently. However, the situation has been changing and the communities are trying to cope up with the modern world with all their facilities provided by the government agencies and organisations. 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Health-system reform and universal health coverage in Latin America.The Lancet,385(9974), pp.1230-1247. Bakan, A.B. and Dua, E. eds., 2014.Theorizing anti-racism: Linkages in marxism and critical race theories. University of Toronto Press. Banks, J.A., Surez-Orozco, M. and Ben-Peretz, M. eds., 2016.Global migration, diversity, and civic education: Improving policy and practice. Teachers College Press. Betancourt, J.R., Green, A.R., Carrillo, J.E. and Owusu Ananeh-Firempong, I.I., 2016. Defining cultural competence: a practical framework for addressing racial/ethnic disparities in health and health care.Public health reports. Bolin, B. and Kurtz, L.C., 2018. Race, class, ethnicity, and disaster vulnerability. InHandbook of disaster research(pp. 181-203). Springer, Cham. Bressey, C. and Dwyer, C. eds., 2012.New geographies of race and racism. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd.. Chae, D.H., Nuru-Jeter, A.M., Adler, N.E., Brody, G.H., Lin, J., Blackburn, E.H. and Epel, E.S., 2014. Discrimination, racial bias, and telomere length in African-American men.American journal of preventive medicine,46(2), pp.103-111. Cnx.org (2018).OpenStax CNX. [online] Cnx.org. Available at: https://cnx.org/contents/2_7V2Gl_@3/Theories-of-Race-and-Ethnicity [Accessed 23 Mar. 2018]. Cox, C. and Ephross, P. (2009). Ethnicity and Social Work Practice.Oxford Scholarship Online. Downes, D., Rock, P. and McLaughlin, E., 2016.Understanding deviance: a guide to the sociology of crime and rule-breaking. Oxford University Press. Downing, J., 2015. European influence on diversity policy frames: paradoxical outcomes of Lyon's membership of the Intercultural Cities programme.Ethnic and Racial Studies,38(9), pp.1557-1572. Gabbidon, S.L., 2015.Criminological perspectives on race and crime. Routledge. Kaya, C., 2017. The impact of interest group diversity on legal implementation in the European Union.Journal of European Public Policy, pp.1-19. 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Theodor Herzl Essay Example For Students

Theodor Herzl Essay Theodor Herzl was certainly not the first Jew to dream of Zion, but he nevertheless put the wheels in motion (Zionism 1). Zionism is the name given to the political and ideological creation of a Jewish national state. The rise of the Zionist movement in the late 19th century culminated in the creation of this state in Palestine in 1948. Herzl was born of well to do middle-class parents. He first studied in a scientific secondary school, but to escape from its anti-Semitic atmosphere he transferred in 1875 to a school where most of the students were Jews. In 1878 the family moved from Budapest to Vienna, where he entered the University of Vienna to study law. He received his license to practice law in 1884 but chose to devote himself to literature. Remaining in Vienna, he became o correspondent for Neue Freie Presse (New Free Press), the liberal magazine of the bourgeoisie. In 1889 he married Julie Naschauer, daughter of a wealthy Jewish businessman in Vienna. The marriage was unhappy, although three children were born to it. Herzl had a strong attachment to his mother, who was unable to get along with his wife. These difficulties were increased by the political activities of his later years, in which his wife took little interest. These political activities culminated in 1896, when Herzl published Der Judenstaat, an informational pamphlet in which he proposed that the Jewish question was a political question to be settled by a world council of nations. Although the liberal magazine he worked for tried to prevent the publication of Der Judenstaat and never so much as mentioned it in it’s columns, Herzl would not be deterred. He gathered a small coterie and set out to convene the First Zionist Congress that same year. Being the first political movement to unify the diverse proto-Zionists, five delegates among 200 men and perhaps as many as 10 wome n convened the First Zionist Congress in Basel, Switzerland. Although there are no reliable lists of attending members, there are pictures. Herzl’s own mother can be seen sitting on the dais during some of the proceedings. As a result of the congress, Palestine was chosen as the seat of the Jewish state (because of its associations with Jewish history), and Herzl was made president of the World Zionist Organization (WZO). Jerusalem at that time was under Turkish control, so it was the charge of Herzl and the WZO to negotiate with the Sultan Abdul al-Hammid. Although the sultan was a sympathizer with the Jewish cause, the negotiations were fruitless. Herzl wrote about the First Zionist Congress in his diary â€Å"If I had to sum up the Basel Congress in one wordwhich I shall not do openlyit would be this: At Basel I founded the Jewish state. If I were to say this today, I would be greeted by universal laughter. In five years, perhaps, and certainly in 50, everyone will see it.† (Herzl 1). Theodore Herzl died on July 3, 1904, before realizing the creation of the Jewish state. In 1917, in the midst of a war with Turkey, Great Britain established the Balfour Declaration, a promise to help the creation of a Jewish homeland. By 1920, Britain was given a mandate by the League of Nations to allow Jewish colonization of Palestine, but under Arab pressure they limited their interpretation of the declarat ion. Despite movements for mass forced colonization and for right-wing revolution against Britain, the general Zionists remained friendly toward Great Britain and further negotiated their claim until 1948. Shortly after the Second World War, two crowning achievements pushed ahead to the establishment of the Jewish state (Breyer 18). First, the Nuremberg Trials held worldwide attention to the plight of the Jew and for the necessity of a refuge. Secondly, as an effect of the Trials, United States Supreme Court Justice Felix Frankfurter persuaded the Philippine delegate in the United Nations to cast the majority vote for the creation of the state of Israel. Theodore Herzl’s (and the predecessors of the same philosophy) dream was realized. In 1949, Herzl’s remains were disinterred and moved to Palestine, where they were placed on a mountain later named Mount Herzl. .uf8b3e9e5a31374b46ddc1d4429529121 , .uf8b3e9e5a31374b46ddc1d4429529121 .postImageUrl , .uf8b3e9e5a31374b46ddc1d4429529121 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uf8b3e9e5a31374b46ddc1d4429529121 , .uf8b3e9e5a31374b46ddc1d4429529121:hover , .uf8b3e9e5a31374b46ddc1d4429529121:visited , .uf8b3e9e5a31374b46ddc1d4429529121:active { border:0!important; } .uf8b3e9e5a31374b46ddc1d4429529121 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uf8b3e9e5a31374b46ddc1d4429529121 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uf8b3e9e5a31374b46ddc1d4429529121:active , .uf8b3e9e5a31374b46ddc1d4429529121:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uf8b3e9e5a31374b46ddc1d4429529121 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uf8b3e9e5a31374b46ddc1d4429529121 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uf8b3e9e5a31374b46ddc1d4429529121 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uf8b3e9e5a31374b46ddc1d4429529121 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uf8b3e9e5a31374b46ddc1d4429529121:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uf8b3e9e5a31374b46ddc1d4429529121 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uf8b3e9e5a31374b46ddc1d4429529121 .uf8b3e9e5a31374b46ddc1d4429529121-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uf8b3e9e5a31374b46ddc1d4429529121:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Holy Trinity and Trimurti EssayThe Jewish state was the product of many complex historic forces, including two World Wars and the efforts of Herzls many followers, it was he who organized the political force that was able to take advantage of the political influences necessary to the creation of the Jewish state. Politics Essays